The increasing movement of citizens for work, holiday and study, and of patients and health professionals, respectively, seeking or offering health care in an enlarged European Union calls for a better coordination of health systems and policies across the EU. In response to the challenge, the European Commission has set up a High Level Group to strengthen collaboration between Member States on health services and medical care. This policy brief aims to contribute to the discussion by providing a review of current information and issues relating to cross-border health care in Europe. Following an overview of current patterns of patient mobility, the policy brief looks in turn at the legal framework for mobility, the financial implications, approaches to quality monitoring and related patients’ rights and liability issues.