Chronic conditions and diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Europe. Managing chronic diseases has therefore become a health policy priority in many European countries. However, current approaches face substantial problems. This article briefly presents the main strategies to manage chronic diseases and summarises existing evidence on their effectiveness. Moreover, we describe common obstacles to effective chronic disease management. Finally, we conclude by outlining some of the actions policy makers need to take to improve the conditions for chronic disease management in Europe.